Cannabis use has become a topic of great interest and concern in the context of veterans' mental health, particularly regarding its potential to alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While some veterans turn to cannabis as a means of finding relief, it is essential to examine the available research to determine its efficacy and potential risks. In this article, we will explore the relationship between cannabis use and PTSD among veterans, drawing upon relevant studies conducted by Melanie Hill, PhD, Mallory Loflin, PhD, Kendall Browne, PhD, and Sonya D. Norman, PhD.
Cannabis Use and PTSD Prevalence:
In recent years, the general population has witnessed an increase in cannabis use, and this trend is also noticeable among military veterans. Reports indicate that the prevalence of past-6-month cannabis use among veterans stands at 11.9%, with higher rates observed among veterans aged 18-44 (20%+). Notably, veterans diagnosed with mental health conditions such as PTSD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders tend to have an elevated risk of cannabis use (5, 6).
Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) among Veterans:
Cannabis use disorder refers to extended problematic cannabis use. Among veterans, lifetime prevalence of CUD was reported to be 9.2%, with the prevalence of past-6-month CUD diagnoses standing at 2.7% in 2020 (7). However, the rates of current CUD are significantly higher among veterans with co-occurring PTSD (12.1%) and those with other psychiatric and substance use problems (8.9%-13.0%) (4). These findings highlight the need for caution when considering cannabis as a potential treatment for PTSD.
Cannabis Components and Variability:
The cannabis plant contains various components, including cannabinoids and terpenes. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound, varies in potency depending on the strain and cultivation methods. Over the past four decades, the potency of THC in cannabis has increased by up to 10-fold. Other cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabigerol (CBG) also contribute to the effects of cannabis use. The concentrations and ratios of these cannabinoids can influence the experiences associated with cannabis consumption, such as the intensity of the high, anxiety levels, and sleep patterns.
Research Findings on Cannabis and PTSD:
The existing research on the relationship between cannabis use and PTSD has yielded mixed results. One study conducted on individuals already using cannabis for their PTSD symptoms found that cannabis users reported greater improvements in symptoms over the course of a year. However, this study may have introduced biases as participants were already inclined to believe in the therapeutic benefits of cannabis. Furthermore, it failed to account for potential confounding variables that could explain differences in symptom reduction.
Contrarily, another study focusing on medical cannabis users with self-reported PTSD indicated that cannabis provided short-term symptom relief but did not lead to long-term changes in PTSD symptoms. Additionally, some studies have suggested that chronic cannabis use could potentially worsen trauma-related symptoms over time. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation to better understand the complex interplay between cannabis and PTSD symptoms.
Conclusion:
While cannabis use for the treatment of PTSD symptoms among veterans has gained attention, the available research does not currently support its effectiveness. In fact, some studies suggest that long-term cannabis use may have detrimental effects, particularly when used in high potency. It is crucial for veterans and healthcare professionals to consider these factors when exploring treatment options for PTSD. Further research is necessary to determine the potential benefits and risks associated with cannabis use, ensuring that the well-being and mental health of veterans remain a top priority.
Disclaimer: The information presented in this blog is based on research findings and should not be considered as medical advice. It is recommended that individuals consult with healthcare professionals for personalized guidance regarding PTSD treatment options.